On the Last Times, the Anti-Christ, and the End of the
World
A Sermon by Ephraem of Nisibis
Section 1
Dearly beloved brothers, believe the Holy Spirit who
speaks in us. We have already told you that the end of the
world is near, the consummation remains. Has not faith
withered away among mankind? How many foolish things are
seen among youths, how many crimes among prelates, how many
lies among priests, how many perjuries among deacons! There
are evil deeds among the ministers, adulteries in the aged,
wantonness in the youths--in mature women false faces, in
virgins dangerous traces! In the midst of all this there
are the wars with the Persians, and we see struggles with
diverse nations threatening and "kingdom rising
against kingdom'' (Matt. 24:7). When the Roman
empire begins to be consumed by the sword, the coming of
the Evil One is at hand. It is necessary that the world
come to an end at the completion of the Roman empire.
In those days two brothers will come to the Roman empire
who will rule with one mind; but because one will surpass
the other, there will be a schism between them. And so the
Adversary will be loosed and will stir up hatred between
the Persian and Roman empires. In those days many will rise
up against Rome; the Jewish people will be her adversaries.
There will be stirrings of nations and evil reports,
pestilences, famines, and earth quakes in various places.
All nations will receive captives; there will be wars and
rumors of wars. From the rising to the setting of the sun
the sword will devour much. The times will be so dangerous
that in fear and trembling they will not permit thought of
better things, because many will be the oppressions and
desolations of regions that are to come.
Section 2
We ought to understand thoroughly therefore, my
brothers, what is imminent or overhanging. Already there
have been hunger and plagues, violent movements of nations
and signs, which have been predicted by the Lord, they have
already been fulfilled (consummated), and there is not
other which remains, except the advent of the wicked one in
the completion of the Roman kingdom. Why therefore are
we occupied with worldly business, and why is our mind held
fixed on the lusts of the world or on the anxieties of the
ages? Why therefore do we not reject every care of worldly
business, and why is our mind held fixed on the lusts of
the world or on the anxieties of the ages? Why therefore do
we not reject every care of earthly actions and prepare
ourselves for the meeting of the Lord Christ, so that he
may draw us from the confusion, which overwhelms all the
world? Believe you me, dearest brother, because the
coming (advent) of the Lord is nigh, believe you me,
because the end of the world is at hand, believe me,
because it is the very last time. Or do you not believe
unless you see with your eyes? See to it that this sentence
be not fulfilled among you of the prophet who declares:
"Woe to those who desire to see the day of the
Lord!" For all the saints and elect of God are
gathered, prior to the tribulation that is to come, and are
taken to the Lord lest they see the confusion that is to
overwhelm the world because of our sins. And so, brothers
most dear to me, it is the eleventh hour, and the end of
the world comes to the harvest, and angels, armed and
prepared, hold sickles in their hands, awaiting the empire
of the Lord. And we think that the earth exists with blind
infidelity, arriving at its downfall early. Commotions are
brought forth, wars of diverse peoples and battles and
incursions of the barbarians threaten, and our regions
shall be desolated, and we neither become very much afraid
of the report nor of the appearance, in order that we may
at least do penance; because they hurl fear at us, and we
do not wish to be changed, although we at least stand in
need of penance for our actions!
Section 3
When therefore the end of the world comes, there arise
diverse wars, commotions on all sides, horrible
earthquakes, perturbations of nations, tempests throughout
the lands, plagues, famine, drought throughout the
thoroughfares, great danger throughout the sea and dry
land, constant persecutions, slaughters and massacres
everywhere, fear in the homes, panic in the cities, quaking
in the thoroughfares, suspicions in the male, anxiety in
the streets. In the desert people become senseless, spirits
melt in the cities. A friend will not be grieved over a
friend, neither a brother for a brother, nor parents for
their children, nor a faithful servant for his master, but
one inevitability shall overwhelm them all; neither is
anyone able to be recovered in that time, who has not been
made completely aware of the coming danger, but all people,
who have been constricted by fear, are consumed because of
the overhanging evils.
Section 4
Whenever therefore the earth is agitated by the nations,
people will hide themselves from the wars in the mountains
and rocks, by caves and caverns of the earth, by graves and
memorials of the dead, and there, as they waste away
gradually by fear, they draw breath, because there is not
any place at all to flee, but there will be concession and
intolerable pressure. And those who are in the east will
flee to the west, and moreover, those who are in the west
shall flee to the east, and there is not a safer place
anywhere, because the world shall be overwhelmed by
worthless nations, whose aspect appears to be of wild
animals more than that of men. Because those very much
horrible nations, most profane and most defiled, who do not
spare lives, and shall destroy the living from the dead,
shall consume the dead, they eat dead flesh, they drink the
blood of beasts, they pollute the world, contaminate all
things, and the one who is able to resist them is not
there. In those days people shall not be buried, neither
Christian, nor heretic, neither Jew, nor pagan, because of
fear and dread there is not one who buries them; because
all people, while they are fleeing, ignore them.
Section 5
Whenever the days of the times of those nations have been
fulfilled, after they have destroyed the earth, it shall
rest; and now the kingdom of the Romans is removed from
everyday life, and the empire of the Christians is
handed down by God and Peter; and then the consummation
comes, when the kingdom of the Romans begins to be
fulfilled, and all dominions and powers have been
fulfilled. Then that worthless and abominable dragon shall
appear, he, whom Moses named in Deuteronomy, saying:-Dan is
a young lion, reclining and leaping from Basan. Because he
reclines in order that he may seize and destroy and slay.
Indeed (he is) a young whelp of a lion not as the lion of
the tribe of Judah, but roaring because of his wrath, that
he may devour. "And he leaps out from Basan."
"Basan" certainly is interpreted
"confusion." He shall rise up from the confusion
of his iniquity. The one who gathers together to himself a
partridge the children of confusion, also shall call them,
whom he has not brought forth, just as Jeremiah the prophet
says. Also in the last day they shall relinquish him just
as confused.
Section 6
When therefore the end of the world comes, that
abominable, lying and murderous one is born from the tribe
of Dan. He is conceived from the seed of a man and from an
unclean or most vile virgin, mixed with an evil or
worthless spirit. But that abominable corrupter, more of
spirits than of bodies, while a youth, the crafty dragon
appears under the appearance of righteousness, before he
takes the kingdom. Because he will be craftily gentle
to all people, not receiving gifts, not placed before
another person, loving to all people, quiet to everyone,
not desiring gifts, appearing friendly among close friends,
so that men may bless him, saying;-he is a just man, not
knowing that a wolf lies concealed under the appearance of
a lamb, and that a greedy man is inside under the skin
of a sheep.
Section 7
But when the time of the abomination of his desolation
begins to approach, having been made legal, he takes the
empire, and, just as it is said in the Psalm:-They have
been made for the undertaking for the sons of Loth, the
Moabites and the Ammanites shall meet him first as their
king. Therefore, when he receives the kingdom, he orders
the temple of God to be rebuilt for himself, which is in
Jerusalem; who, after coming into it, he shall sit as God
and order that he be adored by all nations, since he is
carnal and filthy and mixed with worthless spirit and
flesh. Then that eloquence shall be fulfilled of Daniel the
prophet:-And he shall not know the God of their fathers,
and he shall not know the desires of women. Because the
very wicked serpent shall direct every worship to himself.
Because he shall put forth an edict so that people may be
circumcised according to the rite of the old law. Then the
Jews shall congratulate him, because he gave them again the
practice of the first covenant; then all people from
everywhere shall flock together to him at the city of
Jerusalem, and the holy city shall be trampled on by the
nations for forty-two months, just as the holy apostle says
in the Apocalypse, which become three and a half years,
1,260 days.
Section 8
In these three years and a half the heaven shall suspend
its dew; because there will be no rain upon the earth, and
the clouds shall cease to pass through the air, and the
stars shall be seen with difficulty in the sky because of
the excessive dryness, which happens in the time of the
very fierce dragon. Because all great rivers and very
powerful fountains that overflow with themselves shall be
dried up, torrents shall dry up their water-courses because
of the intolerable age, and there will be a great
tribulation, as there has not been, since people began
to be upon the earth, and there will be famine and an
insufferable thirst. And children shall waste away in the
bosom of their mothers, and wives upon the knees of their
husbands, by not having victuals to eat. Because there will
be in those days lack of bread and water, and no one is
able to sell or to buy of the grain of the fall harvest,
unless he is one who has the serpentine sign on the
forehead or on the hand. Then gold and silver and precious
clothing or precious stones shall lie along the streets,
and also even every type of pearls along the thoroughfares
and streets of the cities, but there is not one who may
extend the hand and take or desire them, but they consider
all things as good as nothing because of the extreme lack
and famine of bread, because the earth is not protected by
the rains of heaven, and there will be neither dew nor
moisture of the air upon the earth. But those who wander
through the deserts, fleeing from the face of the serpent,
bend their knees to God, just as lambs to the adders of
their mothers, being sustained by the salvation of the
Lord, and while wandering in states of desertion, they eat
herbs.
Section 9
Then, when this inevitability has overwhelmed all people,
just and unjust, the just, so that they may be found good
by their Lord; and indeed the unjust, so that they may be
damned forever with their author the Devil, and, as God
beholds the human race in danger and being tossed about by
the breath of the horrible dragon, he sends to them
consolatory proclamation by his attendants, the prophets
Enoch and Elijah, who, while not yet tasting death, are
the servants for the heralding of the second coming of
Christ, and in order to accuse the enemy. And when those
just ones have appeared, they confuse indeed the
antagonistic serpent with his cleverness and they call back
the faithful witnesses to God, in order to (free them) from
his seduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. .
Section 10
And when the three and a half years have been completed,
the time of the Antichrist, through which he will have
seduced the world, after the resurrection of the two
prophets, in the hour which the world does not know, and
on the day which the enemy of son of perdition does not
know, will come the sign of the Son of Man, and coming
forward the Lord shall appear with great power and much
majesty, with the sign of the wood of salvation going
before him, and also even with all the powers of the
heavens with the whole chorus of the saints, with those who
bear the sign of the holy cross upon their shoulders, as
the angelic trumpet precedes him, which shall sound and
declare: Arise, O sleeping ones, arise, meet Christ,
because his hour of judgment has come! Then Christ
shall come and the enemy shall be thrown into confusion,
and the Lord shall destroy him by the spirit of his mouth.
And he shall be bound and shall be plunged into the abyss
of everlasting fire alive with his father Satan; and all
people, who do his wishes, shall perish with him forever;
but the righteous ones shall inherit everlasting life
with the Lord forever and ever.